The FIA is trying to assert itself as the ONLY "pro-safety" element in F1 - that the teams don't care, and that the FIA's "parental" role is essential. This is what gave rise to the language of the FIA's ruling.
Regardless of the FIA's language or their ruling, common sense (something FIA is devoid of) states that Renault would NOT knowingly OR deliberately release a car to the track, where they believed there was a problem with the wheel or that the wheel might fall off, deliberately risking their car, their driver, or any other attendee at a motor sport event. It was a mistake, NOT deliberate, contrary to the FIA's portrayal of the situation.
The penalty is entirely in-keeping with the FIA's tradition of political posturing and the selective marshalling that results from that, and should come as absolutely no surprise to anyone familiar with the way the FIA operates.