Unique strange wishes requires uniquely strange solutions
As I see it, there are three ways:
a) If you are using buttons (like on a gamepad) it might be possible with LFS scripting, similiar to this:
http://en.lfsmanual.net/wiki/Script_Guide#.22F9_.3E_F10_.3E_F11_.3E_F12_.3E_Off.22_Toggle
Make throttle-button rebind your gearchange-button "upshift" and brake-button makes it rebind to "downshift". So depending whether throttle or brake was last pressed, one button would shift up or down.
b) If your input devices comes with fancy profiler software (like some fancy flight joysticks do) there might be functionality for that. Basically define gearchange button to behave as button-A when throttle-axis above certain threshold or behave as button-B when brake-axis above certain threshold.
c) Write your own tool. Is it possible to get pedal-positions from LFS via insim/outsim? If not, then read controller axes directly. For sending command to change gears one could emulate key presses.