You use a little extra fuel as a charge cooler, and to gain complete combustion. You convert more fuel into useful energy than the extra added though, so the engine is most efficient.
+1% fuel => +10% output (figures made up to indicate the point).
Using less throttle injects less fuel, but makes less use of the fuel as well, so ultimately you need more to acheive the same amount of work.
To get from A-B or from A-B-C-D-...-Z using the least amount of fuel requires the greatest efficiency. FACT. How one gets that efficiency is the fun part. Pump up your tyres until the ride is awful, go slowly to avoid as much aero/rolling resistance (aero increases at the square of speed, whilst rolling resistance is pretty much a constant, with a slight increase with speed). Low grip, low friction tyres are also a possibility.
Personally I prefer to use my engine in an efficient manner, and leave everything else. Lots of throttle, lots of revs (relative to the general public, but not redlining, just using more of the efficient area of the torque curves), and then cruising at whatever speed I feel like - lowering my cruising speeds would help, but it also takes longer to get there and I'm an impatient sod.
The worst thing you can do is think that using less revs and higher gears will save fuel - it won't (and it will knacker your engine too!). Especially as the people that drive like that haven't done the other stuff - tyre compound, pressure etc.
Then we have the joy of bodykits - most standard cars come with plastic stuck-on parts designed to improve looks. They almost always increase drag, which decreases efficiency. Be green by removing them and incinerating them at very high temperatures (a bonfire isn't hot enough and will be counter-productive).
However, if you beleive what the government and the "advanced" driving organisations tell you, you might as well burn fuel in big drums in your back garden.