Sounds like your teacher has been trying to baffle you with things you don't understand. TBH that's how a lot of religions get people. Like "OMG he said something I don't understand, it must mean God did it!". Pfft.
Cosmological Provement (I hate the word 'provement' BTW)
All objects in space move. We already know this. But when did god start this happening? At the creation part of the bible there is no mention of "And God didst push the world so it did rotate". Nor is there any mention of non-earthly bodies.
And as a related matter - if man is god's creation and we are in his own image, what exactly would aliens be? Logic tells us they must exist somewhere. No mention of him creating those though. And if they are more advanced or intelligent than us (which they'd need to be to get to us), what does that say about us in god's image?
Teleological
This one is odd. People are not moving towards any particular goal, unless you count our own destruction. We're not all working together for anything. Or at least I'm certainly not. If that were true, we wouldn't need a Saviour to come back and guide us.
Ontological
Doesn't really matter. God by his very definition must be the embodiment of all things righteous and good. But since he is also vengeful, he must also have a darker side. Because he did wipe out nearly everyone in the world via a flood at one point. Charming.
Moral
Just because something is either good or bad is no basis on belief. God controls all you do, right? But no. Apparently when you do something bad that's not him. Well that's great. Nice convenient get out clause there. And if he was all that fantastic, wouldn't he stop the Devil taking control of you? Shouldn't he have guided you along a better path?
Debunking 101. I'm agnostic. If God wants me to believe in him he'll have to do a much better job than anything he's done so far. Proof or fail, God. Proof or fail. And if he's guiding my actions he only has himself to blame